Asthma and Allergies अस्थमा और एलर्जी

ASTHMA (अस्थमा):

It is defined as hypersensitive reaction of airways.  It involves the bronchial tree.  The triad includes:

· Inflammation

· Bronchospasm

· Odema

Allergic reaction involves immune response (IgE mediated) and an increase in absolute eosinophilic count (AEC).

Causative agents:

· Dust

· Smoke

· Preservatives

· Coloured food items

· Pets

· Change in weather

Family history plays an important role in predisposition of Asthma. Asthma or allergies run in family

Symptoms:

· Cough (due to bronchospasm)

· Audible wheeze  (severe condition)

· Breathlessness (Air hunger)

· Vomiting

Signs:

· Wheezing heard with stethoscope

· Nasal flaring, chest retractions (severe cases)

· Falling blood oxygen saturation

· Cyanosis (severe cases)

· Silent chest (severe cases)

Evaluation of asthma is clinical mostly expect for need of X-ray chest, Allergic profile (IgE and AEC), Spirometrey, ABG (severe cases)

Management: Depends on type, severity and control

It includes supportive treatment first-

· Don’t panic, just relax

· Don’t ask to lie down, just keep sitting

· Seek doctor advise for cough

· First aid in emergency conditions

· Avoid contact of triggering agents like fur of animal, old scrapped papers (precaution is better than cure)

Medication-

· Inhale short and long acting bronchodilators

· Oral steroids (Injectable steroids in acute exacerbations)

· Use of Montelukast

Use of bronchodilator in form of syrups, nebulizer and inhalers.

Treatment is long term and also depends upon the control achieved.

ALLERGIES (एलर्जी):

Allergies in children are very common nowadays. It’s a hypersensitivity reaction of body’s immune system.  

It involves:

· Allergies of skin- Atopic Dermatitis, Urticaria, Eczema, Pruritis

· Allergies of throat- Acute tonsillitis, Acute pharyngitis, Adenoiditis

· Allergies of eyes- Itchy eyes

· Allergies of nose- Rhinitis

Causes of allergies:

· Preservative and coloured food

· Oily and sour food items

· Smoke and dust

· Perfumes/powder/detergents

· Pets

Symptoms:-

· Skin- Rash (maculopapular, papular), Itching, Redness

· Throat- Sore Throat, cough

· Eyes- Itching, Redness, Discharge (watery/purulent)

· Nose- Running nose, Sneezing, Itching

To treat allergies need to treat triggering agents

· Avoid exposure to allergens

· Treatment with the use of antihistaminics like cetrizine

· Use of oral/local/nasal steroids

· Use of soothing agents like calamine lotion for itchy skin

· If secondary infections like pus formation sets in then oral antibiotics.

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